If you are not comfortable with drawing blood, if you know you are sick, if you have history of fainting, if you consider yourself at risk for transmitting a blood born disease, etc. Blood smears peripheral blood smear is a very important tool in the hematology lab it provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults the smear offers a window into the. In this exercise, micrograph sets that represent a blood smear will be viewed. Center the area to be studied, apply immersion oil directly to the smear, and focus the smear under oil.
Peripheral blood smear can be used for est imation of. Blood lab report 3 materials and methods the first section of this lab allows you to perform a differential white blood cell count. However it is useful to perform these counts manually to become familiar with the various white blood cells. Laboratory productivity and the rate of manual peripheral. It is hoped that this paper will provide an aid to those who wish to employ the blood smear as a diagnostic tool. With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters like complete blood count or cbc can be. The giemsa blood smear test is a test to detect blood parasites. The examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important basic hematological procedure. It is then treated with a special stain and studied under a microscope to examine the blood cells. Cell fixation is done by placing the slide in methanol. A properly prepared blood smear is essential to accurate assessment of cellular morphology. Slides should not be left uncovered on top of the counter.
Working safely with blood in this lab exercise, we will be working with human blood your own or that of your lab partners. Smears made from edtaanticoagulated blood should be made. A wellmade blood smear is a beauty to behold, and likely to yield interesting and. Thin blood film is prepared similarly to that of the differential whitecell count. The extra time and care taken during the field season will be rewarded later when the smears must be scanned, and parasites identified and counted. In this lesson, readers will learn about the procedure, staining methods, and interpretation of the blood smear test. Attention to detail in slide preparation, staining and standard criteria for cell estimates, morphology and differential reporting enhance the value of results provided to the physician. Mar 29, 2016 peripheral blood smear test procedure. And if it were blood type b, the blood would not be agglutinated when mixing with antia antibodies. Theory peripheral smear testing has been a common procedure done in the field of hemogramology.
Thin smears consist of blood spread in a layer such that the thickness decreases progressively toward monolayer. This can lead to slide breaks and laboratory accidents. A peripheral blood smear pbs or blood film is required to be made from capillary blood or from a drop of blood from an edta anticoagulated blood sample. Disseminated mycobacterium simiae infection in a patient with adultonset immunodeficiency due to antiinterferongamma antibodies a case report. The three main blood cells that the test focuses on are. Thick and thin blood smear for malaria diagnosis microbeonline. Peripheral blood smear examination objective the two major objectives for this experiment were. Wewilluseadropletofbloodtomakeathin%smear,dryit,fixandstainitand observe under a microscope. A peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. Blood smears are needed for microscopic examination of the blood. The perfect blood smear has a feathered edge that is nearly square, has a rainbow sheen when reflecting the light and is exactly one cell thick in the feathered edge when viewed microscopically. A number of different stains can be used, but it is important to remember that not all stains allow detection of some of the characteristic features of malaria eg, schuffner dots. When making your smear be sure to hold the clean slide that will be used to spread the blood at a 45 angle to ensure the smear is of the proper thickness.
Blood smear preparation properly prepared blood smears are essential to accurately assess the patients status. Histology laboratory microscope orientation and blood smear lab for practicing how to use the microscope do not use the blood smear slide it is too boring for the lower mags. Pdf the peripheral blood film pbf is a laboratory workup that. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria making thick and thin blood smears. The red cells are decreased in number and are normochromic and macrocytic. A variety of methods are available for preparing and staining blood smears, the most common of which are discussed in this atlas. Peripheral blood smear test purpose, procedure, results. A synoptic reporting system for peripheral blood smear. To examine the clinical significance of the results obtained. It is because a antibodies reacts with its corresponding antigen, which is a. Place the stained smear on the microscope stage smear side up and focus the smear using the 10x objective. To determine the estimated number of white blood cells wbc on a peripheral blood smear. The blood smear test is a simple procedure in which your health care provider draws a blood sample from the vein in your arm. The smear is stained with wrights stain and performed after the complete blood count is run.
No morphologic abnormalities in granulocytes, red cells and platelets. The white blood cells are decreased in number and consist mostly of. The white blood cells are decreased in number and consist mostly of blasts 41% as reported on the differential. The wedge blood smear will be discussed in this lab.
Smear artifacts may be caused by dirty slides, fat droplets or poor quality slides. A blood smear is a drop of blood spread thinly onto a glass slide that is then treated with a special stain and the blood cells on the slide are examined and evaluated. The authors approach is to look at the smallest cellular elements, the platelets, first and work. Cell fixationis done by placing the slide in methanol ch3oh. Whenever possible, use separate slides for thick and thin smears. All blood product contaminated solutions should be disposed of in a waste jar containing a 50% household bleach solution. A quick assessment of a smear can be made within 3 minutes but an abnormal film would require longer time for wider view and differential cell counts. We will use a droplet of blood to make a thin smear, dry it, fix and stain it and observe under a microscope. Blood smears peripheral blood smear is a very important tool in the hematology lab it provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults the smear offers a window into. Most commonly blood smears are used for the differential leukocyte count dlc.
This article attempts to summarize the preparation and reporting of peripheral. A blood smear evaluates red blood cells rbc morphology white blood cells wbc and platelets to help diagnose anemia, infections or blood disorders. Then, a smear is made with the spreader inclined at an angle of about 30 to 45 degrees to the blood. A blood smear is a blood test used to look for abnormalities in blood cells. The best place to examine blood cell morphology is the feathered edge of the blood smear where red cells lie in a single layer, side by side, just barely touching one another but not overlapping. It works by precipitating proteins and carbohydrates. Proper preparation of the blood smear is critical for obtaining accurate results on the differential. In order to determine the wbc count you will count a set number of cells and base your percentage off of. Moderate anisopoikilocytosis occasional oval macrocytes, dacrocytes, and elliptoid cells is seen. It is used to diagnose diseases, such as malaria, which are caused by parasitic infections the collected blood sample is smeared onto a glass slide and stained with giemsa stain. We developed a webbased synoptic reporting program to assist in peripheral blood smear reporting.
This lesson also includes some general descriptions of conditions indicated by. This program has a knowledge base containing 150 peripheral blood smear report templates covering a wide spectrum of pathologic findings. The smear and simple staining background smears the preparation of a good smear is the backbone of all of the staining techniques performed throughout this course. For a blood smear, the lab professional looks for blood cell problems that may not be seen on a computer analysis. Using a compound light microscope, observe the slides under the microscope using the 4x, 10x and 40x objective lenses. After 1 hr of bleach the waste solution may be poured down the drain by the teacher and the container placed in the biohazard bag for autoclaving.
Peripheral blood smear, preparation, examination, interpretation, reporting, blood cells morphology. Synoptic reporting system for peripheral blood smear. The mechanism of action of wrights stain is also discussed. Neel, dvm, dacvp clinical associate professor, clinical pathology nc state college of veterinary medicine raleigh, nc, 27607 introduction although tremendous advances have been made in the field of pointofcare hematology analyzers, examination of a well prepared, well stained blood smear remains the cornerstone of veterinary. The smear is greater than 25 mm long and the feathered edge stops approximately 10 mm from the end of the slide.
Traditionally, trained laboratorians have examined blood smears manually using a microscope. Choose an area of the smear in which the cells are well spread in a monolayer. Laboratory activities to enhance the study of whole blood. Put the covered blood smear on the microscope stage with the cover slip toward the objective lens and focus until blood cells are visible. Diagnosis support of sickle cell anemia by classifying red blood cell shape in peripheral blood images. Preparation of blood smears marshfield labs, clinical. Making and staining a blood smear university of vermont. The student will stain two of the above smears with wrights stain so that all formed. Making the blood smear before any stained smear can be used for a diagnosis. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination clinical. Lab technician collects the blood follows this procedure for preparation and staining of thin blood films is responsible for the correct storage of the reagents is responsible for the correct maintenance of the microscope informs the lab manager if there is a problem with the microscope participates in eqa programs when. The blood film occupies the central portion of the slide and has definite margins on all sides that are accessible to examination by oil immersion. Bring a clean spreader slide, held at a 45 angle, toward the drop of blood.
Lab objective the student will prepare at least five slide smears which are even, smooth and have an acceptable feathered edge. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination. Pdf purpose and criteria for blood smear scan, blood smear. Histology laboratory microscope orientation and blood. Preparation of blood smears in order to reduce the number of unacceptable smears received, marshfield labs recommends the following procedure to be used in preparation of blood smears.
Peripheral blood or potassium edta anticoagulated blood 12 mg edta1 ml blood may be used. Histology laboratory microscope orientation and blood smear. They may be prepared from venous blood or from capillary blood. Blood smears can be made from the blood remaining in the needle by pushing a small drop of blood onto the slide with the last evacuated tube. With the high power roachscope we can get a closer look at the cells that compose us. Whole blood contains a wide variety of cell types and fragments suspended in liquid plasma. Pdf purpose and criteria for blood smear scan, blood. White blood cells or leukocytes are primarily involved in defense from invasion and infection. Wewilluseadropletof blood tomakeathin% smear,dryit,fixandstainitand observe under a microscope. Peripheral blood smear procedure and interpretation.
Alternately, edta anticoagulated blood may be used if the smear is made within one. Learn to count cells, observe and identify different blood cells in a smear, quantify their proportions and count rbcs per l mm3 using a haemocytometer. Many hematological diagnoses depend upon this procedure and often a definitive diagnosis can be established from the careful examination of the blood film. Center the area to be studied, apply immersion oil directly to the smear, and focus the smear under oil with the 100x objective. In todays medical and research labs, obtaining differential white blood cell counts and all types of blood cell counts is an automated process. Thus, in the blood, there was only a antigen that could identify it was a blood type a. Peripheral blood film or peripheral blood smear or peripheral smear examination forms an important and basic lab investigation for diagnosing a number of hematological blood disorders. It allows optimal assessment of the morphology of any parasitic forms that may be present. The peripheral blood film remains a very useful tool in hematological assessment. Blood smear examinationmanual differential leukocyte count with complete blood count cbc provides the. Making and staining a blood smear a wellmade blood smear is a beauty to behold, and likely to yield interesting and significant information for a research project. Also, it could not be blood type o because there would be no changes in all circlesno blood coagulationif it were blood type o.
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